Obama’s Commitment to Clean Water/From EPA

Commitment to Clean Water The Obama Administration released a national Clean Water Framework on April 27, 2011, that affirms its comprehensive commitment to protecting the health of America’s waters. The framework recognizes the importance of clean water and healthy watersheds to our economy, environment and communities, and emphasizes the importance of partnerships and coordination with states, local communities, stakeholders, and the public to protect public health and water quality, and promote the nation’s energy and economic security. The Obama Administration is designing and deploying innovative policies, programs and initiatives to directly address today’s clean water challenges. These approaches include: * Promoting Innovative Partnerships Federal agencies are partnering with states, tribes, local governments and diverse stakeholders on innovative approaches to restore urban waters, promote sustainable water supplies, and develop new incentives for farmers to protect clean water. * Enhancing Communities and Economies by Restoring Important Water Bodies The Obama Administration is dedicating unprecedented attention to restoring iconic places like the Chesapeake Bay, California Bay-Delta, Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico and Everglades, investing in action and helping states, local governments and stakeholders find pollution control solutions that are tailored to their specific needs. * Innovating for More Water-Efficient Communities The Administration is working with policymakers, consumers, farmers and businesses to save water – and save money – through 21st century water management policies and technology. * Ensuring Clean Water to Protect Public Health The Obama Administration is aggressively pursuing new ways to protect public health by reducing contaminants in Americans’ drinking water. This includes action to update drinking water standards, protect drinking water sources, modernize the tools available to communities to meet their clean water requirements, and provide affordable clean water services in rural communities. * Enhancing Use and Enjoyment of our Waters The Administration is promoting stewardship of America’s waters through innovative programs and partnerships. These efforts include expanding access to waterways for recreation, protecting rural landscapes, and promoting public access to private lands for hunting, fishing and other recreational activities. * Updating the Nation’s Water Policies The Administration is strengthening protection of America’s waters and American communities. This includes action to modernize water resources guidelines, and update Federal guidance on where the Clean Water Act applies nationwide. The draft guidance from U.S. EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which is open for 60 days of public comment, will protect waters that many communities depend upon for drinking, swimming, and fishing, and provide clearer, more predictable guidelines for determining which water bodies are protected from pollution under the Clean Water Act. * Supporting Science to Solve Water Problems The Administration is using the latest science and research to improve water policies and programs and identify and address emerging pollution challenges. Read the Obama Administration’s Clean Water Framework here. Read the draft Clean Water Act guidance from U.S. EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Enginee

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Future Fuels for Everyone Powered by the Sun


Discovery
Future Fuels for Everyone Powered by the Sun
New scheme would use only sunlight, air and water to supply energy for cars, laptops, GPS systems

Photo of Sossina Haile and William Chueh next to the benchtop thermochemical reactor.
Sossina Haile and William Chueh next to the benchtop thermochemical reactor.
Credit and Larger Version

April 6, 2011

“At the California Institute of Technology, they’re developing a way to turn sunlight and water into fuel for our cars.”–President Barack Obama, Jan. 25, 2011

The Sun is Earth’s primary energy source and harnessing its abundant light is the Holy Grail of renewable energy

Now, a group of scientists has demonstrated a new way to use sunlight, water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)–some of the cheapest and most commonplace stuff on Earth–to make unlimited amounts of fuel to power almost anything, anywhere.

The method uses concentrated heat from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into hydrogen (H2) or carbon monoxide (CO). Large amounts of these two gases could be combined to make liquid fuel that fits into America’s existing energy economy.

“Alternatively, you could use the H2 and CO to make methane (natural gas) for a gas-fired electricity generator,” said Sossina Haile, professor of Materials Science and of Chemical Engineering at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. “Or, because the fuels we produce are so pure, they could be easily used to run fuel cells, which generate power very efficiently.”

The researchers say one of the most exciting things about the discovery is its versatility. “We are not dictating to the user what the energy infrastructure should be,” Haile said. “We are making solar energy easy to use by putting it into a form that our industry is used to seeing and making it available on demand.”

Doing the two-step

Scientists have long known how to convert water and carbon dioxide into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. But to do it cheaply and efficiently enough to make the process affordable on a wide scale has been the issue. Part of the problem was the need for expensive and rare elements, such as platinum or iridium, to act as catalysts that encourage the conversion to happen.

So Haile and her team took a novel approach; they tried ceria, a material used in the walls of self-cleaning ovens. Ceria is the oxidized or “rust” form of the element cerium, which is more abundant, and therefore cheaper, than other metals that could do the same job.

The new method requires two steps, the first at high temperature using concentrated heat from the sun (about 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit), and the second at a much lower temperature.

Haile describes the process this way, “If we heat ceria up, the material ‘naturally’ releases some oxygen from its structure. If we then cool it back down, those oxygen vacancies want to be refilled. In other words, the ceria ‘exhales’ oxygen at high temperature and then ‘inhales’ it back when the temperature is lowered.”

To make fuel, the second step requires the presence of water and carbon dioxide gases. “At lower temperatures, the cerium, the hydrogen and the carbon all want the oxygen, but the cerium wants it most,” Haile said. “So the oxygen vacancies in the ceria are filled by stripping oxygen from H2O and CO2, leaving H2 and CO.”

An international collaboration

Haile and her Caltech team, supported by an award from the National Science Foundation, recently published a paper describing the breakthrough in the journal Science. For this project, they collaborated with researchers led by Aldo Steinfeld, a renewable energy technology professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, also called ETH Zürich, in Switzerland. Steinfeld also leads the Solar Technology Laboratory at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland.

Two pieces of equipment were needed for the experiment. The first piece, built at Caltech, is a reactor “just a bit smaller than a gallon-jug,” Haile said. The reactor is basically a cylindrical container lined with ceria that has input and output lines for the gases.

The second piece is a solar concentrator, which is the most difficult part to build. The concentrator is basically a set of giant curved mirrors that gather sunlight from a wide area. For this experiment, the researchers were able to use an existing solar concentrator located at the Paul Scherrer Institute.

The Caltech scientists took their reactor to Switzerland and attached it to the bottom of the concentrator, allowing the sunlight to heat up the ceria inside. Then they piped steam and carbon dioxide into the reactor and measured the hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases flowing out.

Cheaper and more efficient

How far reaching could this new technology be and how much oil, gas or coal could it replace?

“The abundance of cerium means that this approach could have a significant impact on our national energy budget,” Haile said. Because cerium is 100,000 times more abundant than the precious metal platinum, she said, the cost would be many orders of magnitude smaller.

For this experiment, the efficiency of the reactor at converting sunlight to usable energy measured just under one percent, which Haile said is comparable to other methods. However, this was a first cut, aimed at simply proving that the process is practical and could be done economically.

Before bringing the technology to market, Haile said, the reactor design needs to be much tighter to get better efficiency.

“As a second step, it will be important to develop materials with even better characteristics than ceria,” she added.

“Ideally, one wants a material with a smaller temperature swing required as this will also increase efficiency,” Haile said. “In addition, if both the high and low temperatures can be lowered, the overall system lifetime will be improved. Better materials could result in a better process.”

Holly Bigelow Martin

Investigators
Roy Smith
Carlos Levi
Dorothy Pak
Sossina Haile
Tresa Pollock
Nicola Spaldin
Michael Chabinyc
Christian Van de Walle

Related Institutions/Organizations
California Institute of Technology
University of California-Santa Barbara

Related Programs
Energy for Sustainability
Process and Reaction Engineering

Related Awards
#0843934 International Center for Materials Research
#0829114 Thermochemical production of fuels: Solar energy after dark

Total Grants
$3,335,994

 Illustration of the ETH-Caltech solar reactor.
The ETH-Caltech solar reactor produces hydrogen and carbon monoxide from water and carbon dioxide.
Credit and Larger Version

Photo of the solar fuel reactor.
Solar fuel reactor uses concentrated heat from the sun to create fuel from water and carbon dioxide.
Credit and Larger Version

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New Energy Star Challenge from EPA

2011 Race to New Orleans: The ENERGY STAR Challenge

Map of US divided into West, Central, and East regions
* Micronesia and Guam included with Wild West; Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands included with East Coast.
Bar Graph - West: 8, Central: 38, Easy: 12
As of March 2, 2011

AIA Chapters are grouped in regional teams: East Coast, Big Easy Central, and Wild West.

Bar graph shows the number of projects to date, by region that received Designed to Earn ENERGY STAR for the 2011 Challenge. Project due date for the Race: April 7, 2011.

We’re off and running the Race to New Orleans for the 2011 ENERGY STAR Challenge

This year’s Challenge — EPA is asking the AIA regions to team up, lace up their sneakers, and see which region submits the most design projects to earn ENERGY STAR before the AIA Convention in New Orleans, May 12 -14, 2011.

The Start: Architecture firms Apply for Designed to Earn the ENERGY STAR and help EPA in reducing the carbon footprint of the built environment

Projects that are near completing Construction Documents or in Construction Phase are the best candidates to enter the Race. Core and Shell projects may also be eligible; check Project Requirements for details.

The Race: AIA Regional chapters can promote the Race on their websites, blogs and Facebook using the communications Toolkit.

Stay in the Race and follow us on Twitter and Facebook for project stats, photos, and news.

Bookmark this page and check back to see if your region will cross the finish line first.

Finish Line: Projects due to EPA by April 7, 2011 to be counted in the Race.

Celebrate the winning region and all projects and A/E firms featured at the ENERGY STAR Gallery during the AIA Convention.

Get in the Race and see y’all in N’Orleans!

The ENERGY STAR Challenge

The ENERGY STAR Challenge is an ongoing initiative from EPA encouraging architects to design buildings that reduce the demand for fossil fuel energy and prevent greenhouse gas emissions. EPA features the architects and their projects on the ENERGY STAR website, in national trade publications, and at AIA National Conventions.

ENERGY STAR Challenge at AIA Conventions 2010 Miami
2008 Boston
2009 San Francisco
2007 San Antonio
Achieved Designed to Earn the ENERGY STAR Architects & Projects
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Update on No Refrigertor

I am on week 2 of having unplugged my refrigerator.  I am happy to report that I have not suffered from any bacterial illness or modern inconvenienceFurthermore, I haven’t lost any food.  The only complaint  was from my daughter who came home from college and said that the refrigerator smelled like pickles. ( I do store some food items in the refrigerator).  I told her that that is how people used to preserved food for the winter, with salt and vinegar.  She hates the smell of pickles ever since we made rain barrels out of pickle barrels.  Oh well, shes back at school.

The outside temperatures are rising today, thank God, but it will be a challenge to keep somethings cool.. I believe that I am up for it.

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Your Small Home: 5 Big Reasons to Love It

By: Terry Sheridan

Published: January 21, 2011

Living in a small home has the benefits of lower insurance rates, less hassle, and less overall cost to own.

Small home designed by Ross Chapin ArchitectsThere’s plenty to love about small homes–they’re easier to maintain, and the price tag is generally lower. Image: Ross Chapin Architects/www.rosschapin.com

A small home packs plenty of perks, and generally means a lower asking price. But entry price is only one factor—they’re easier on the pocketbook in a host of ways.

1. Lower property taxes. Your small home will be charged at a lower tax rate than its larger neighbors because the assessed value generally is lower.

2. Lower property insurance. The smaller the house, generally the lower the insurance cost, although it also matters where you live and how your small house is constructed. A brick house in wildfire-prone southern California is likely to cost less to insure than a similar-size house with wood siding.

3. You’ll save on heating and cooling. That’s regardless of how energy efficient the house is. In fact, one study indicates that a poorly insulated, 1,500 sq. ft. house is at least $200 cheaper per year to heat and cool than a well-insulated house twice that size. The U.S. Energy Information Administration says homes of 2,000 sq. ft. to 2,500 sq. ft. use an average 102.3 million BTUs of fuel yearly—13% less than homes that are 1,000 square feet larger.

4. Save on major replacements. When you need to replace a major house component or system, you’ll be glad you’re living in a smaller home. For example: According to the Cost vs. Value Report from Remodeling Magazine, the national average for vinyl replacement siding is about $9 per sq. ft.

For a modest-size house (1,500 sq. ft. of living space) with 1,740 sq. ft. of exterior wall space, that’s $15,660. For a 2,500-sq.-ft. house, you’ll pay up to $10,000 more!

5. Easier maintenance. You’ll spend less time cutting those smaller lawns, cleaning gutters, washing windows, and the umpteen other chores that home ownership involves. Figure 16 windows and sliding glass doors on a home of 2,000 square feet or less would take about 10 hours to clean, inside and out, twice a year. Double the house size, and that’s roughly 20 hours spent with a squeegee and rag.

Terry Sheridan is an award-winning writer who has covered real estate and home ownership issues for more than 20 years. She’s owned homes ranging from 1,500 square feet to 3,000 square feet.

Read more: http://www.houselogic.com/articles/your-small-home-5-big-reasons-love-it/#ixzz1CFp6RwmY

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Unpuggging My Refrigerator

What No Refrigerator?

So, in the spirit of conservation, I have decided to unplug my refrigerator.  I am always trying to push the envelope, so to speak, in saving electricity.  I usually opt out for energy efficiency, but I do my part when it comes to conserving.

There are times, in the winter, when we don’t have enough room in the frig, so we put our large pot of soup or beer or whatever, on the table on the back porch.  The porch is 3 sided and faces northeast, so it stays pretty cool.

As you might know, heating and cooling takes a lot of energy and the refrigerator is one of the biggest energy guzzlers in the house.  So why not take advantage of the very cold weather and put my perishables outside?  It is not that inconvenient or unreasonable.

The management of what will freeze and what won’t t will be a lesson.  But since, I am a vegetarian, meat won’t be a concern and I don’t eat a lot of dairy in the winter, so that is pretty much out of the picture.

The first thing that I did was unplug the refrigerator and moved all the freezer items to the bottom, because they kept the bottom cool as they thawed.  Then, when everything was still cool I moved it into a box outside.  The hardest part was cleaning whole thing.  Stay tuned! This is only day 3.

My new refrigerator!

Cool porch

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Floridians, this one is for you!

If you haven’t read my blog before you may not know that I am a Eco Broker certified real estate agent and that I promote energy efficient, healthy and comfortable houses and buildings.

This article will discuss healthy homes because it is the time of the year that people lock themselves up in their homes and turn on the heat and subsequently many of them will become ill .

Now, as a real estate broker, I have never had anyone say to me, “I want a home that is dark and full of radon, mold, asbestos and  carbon monoxide.”  However, you would be surprised how many live with this indoor pollution, get sick and never attribute it to their environment.

According to the EPA indoor air pollution can be 20 times higher than outdoor air pollution.  It comes from particulate matter generated from combustible objects like woodstoves, fireplaces, cigarettes, and oil and gas stoves and candles. Also, biological pollution from pet dander, dust mites, molds, and off gassing from paints, adhesives, carpet and furniture, just to name a few.

At this moment, I am focused on mold, as I just returned from Florida where it was prevalent in every home that I visited.

Briefly, mold is a microbe that grows anywhere that has constant moisture. Many houses grow mold from leaky pipes, HVAC condensation, unventilated bathrooms and basements with high levels of humidity.  Many contain toxic compounds (mycotoxins) that cause upper respiratory and fugal infections.

Simple mold remediation can include spraying the infected area with a mixture of bleach and water in a pressurized spray can, having your air ducts cleaned and checked for leaks, using a dehumidifier and tightening up your building envelope.  So, take heed, homeowners, even if you have to hire a professional to clean up your mold problem, do it, as mold can make you very sick as well as destroy parts of your house.

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Toilets with Water Sense From EPA

Toilets are by far the main source of water use in the home, accounting for nearly 30 percent of an average home’s indoor water consumption. Older, inefficient toilets also happen to be a major source of wasted water in many homes. Replacing these toilets with WaterSense labeled toilets could save nearly 2 billion gallons per day across the country—that’s nearly 11 gallons per toilet in your home every day! By retrofitting your entire bathroom with WaterSense labeled fixtures, you can save even more.

picture of a toilet

What Are WaterSense Labeled Toilets?

Recent advancements have allowed toilets to use 20 percent less water than the current federal standard, while still providing equal or superior performance. The WaterSense label is used on toilets that are certified by independent laboratory testing to meet rigorous criteria for both performance and efficiency. Only toilets that complete the third-party certification process can earn the WaterSense label.

How Much Can WaterSense Labeled Toilets Save?

Over the course of your lifetime, you will likely flush the toilet nearly 140,000 times. If you replace older, existing toilets with WaterSense labeled models, you can save 4,000 gallons per year with this simpler, greener choice.

And Price?

WaterSense labeled toilets are available at a wide variety of price points and a broad range of styles. EPA estimates that a family of four that replaces its home’s older toilets with WaterSense labeled models will, on average, save more than $90 per year in reduced water utility bills, and $2,000 over the lifetime of the toilets. Additionally, in many areas, utilities offer rebates and vouchers that can lower the price of a WaterSense labeled toilet.

WaterSense Logo

Look for the WaterSense Label!

Whether remodeling a bathroom, starting construction of a new home, or simply replacing an old, leaky toilet that is wasting money and water, installing a WaterSense labeled toilet is a high-performance, water-efficient option worth considering. If every American home with older, inefficient toilets replaced them with new WaterSense labeled toilets, we would save nearly 640 billion gallons of water per year, equal to more than two weeks of flow over Niagara Falls!

A WaterSense Labeled Toilet Factsheet is also available in PDF (1 pp, 187K, About PDF).

Technical Information

Are you a manufacturer interested in labeling your high-efficiency toilet, or a retailer or distributor interested in selling WaterSense labeled toilets? Please visit the Final Specification for Toilets page for more detailed information.

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Water Sense from EPA

Water efficiency is the long-term ethic of saving water resources through the employment of water-saving technologies and activities. Using water efficiently will help ensure supplies for future generations. Use the following links to learn how simple and smart it can be to save water.

Why Is Saving Water Important?

Across the country, our growing population is putting stress on available water supplies. Between 1950 and 2000, the U.S. population nearly doubled while the public demand for water more than tripled! Americans now use an average of 100 gallons of water each day—enough to fill 1,600 drinking glasses! This increased demand has put additional stress on water supplies and distribution systems, threatening both human health and the environment.

There’s a reason that water has become a national priority. A recent government survey showed at least 36 states are anticipating local, regional, or statewide water shortages by 2013. But by using water more efficiently, we can help preserve water supplies for future generations, save money, and protect the environment. WaterSense is making it easier to identify water-efficient products and practices.

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Energy Savings From EPA

Top 10 Tips for Renters!

Even if you rent an apartment, townhouse, or a home, you can make a big difference, too! These tips will show you how to be more energy efficient and save energy, money, and reduce the risks of global warming. If there are things you can’t change on your own, share these tips and encourage your landlord to help you make a change for the better.

  1. Lighting is one of the easiest places to start saving energy. Replacing your five most frequently used light fixtures or the bulbs in them with ENERGY STAR qualified lights can save more than $65 a year in energy costs. ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) provide high-quality light output, use 75% less energy, and last 6–10 times longer than standard incandescent light bulbs, saving money on energy bills and replacement costs.
    • Remember to always turn off your lights when leaving a room. Turning off just one 60-watt incandescent bulb that would otherwise burn eight hours a day can save about $15 per year!
  2. Considering purchasing a room air conditioner? Consider an ENERGY STAR qualified model. They use at least 10 percent less energy than standard models.
    • In the winter, be sure to insulate room air conditioners from the outside with a tight-fitting a/c unit cover, available at your local home improvement center or hardware store. This keeps heated air from escaping outside. Alternately, you can remove the window unit in the winter months to prevent energy losses.
    • Be sure the window unit fits tightly in the window so outdoor air is not getting in.
  3. If possible, install a programmable thermostat to automatically adjust your home’s temperature settings when you’re away or sleeping.
    • When used properly, a programmable thermostat with its four temperature settings can save up to $150 a year in energy costs. Proper use means setting the thermostat at energy-saving temperatures without overriding that setting. You should also set the “hold” button at a constant energy-saving temperature when you’re away or on vacation.
  4. Consumer electronics play an increasingly larger role in your home’s energy consumption, accounting for 15 percent of household electricity use. Many consumer electronics products use energy even when switched off. Electronics equipment that has earned the ENERGY STAR helps save energy when off, while maintaining features like clock displays, channel settings, and remote-control functions.
    • Unplug any battery chargers or power adapters when not in use (like your cell phone charger!).
    • Use a power strip as a central “turn off” point when you are done using equipment.
      • Even when turned off, electronic and IT equipment often use a small amount of electricity. For home office equipment, this stand-by or “phantom” power load can range from a few watts to as much as 20 or even 40 watts for each piece of equipment. Using a power strip for your computer and all peripheral equipment allows you to completely disconnect the power supply from the power source, eliminating standby power consumption.
  5. A ten minute shower can use less water than a full bath.
    • With a new 2.5 gallon-per-minute (low-flow) shower head, a 10-minute shower will use about 25 gallons of water, saving you five gallons of water over a typical bath. A new showerhead also will save energy — up to $145 each year on electricity — beating out both the bath and an old-fashioned showerhead.
    • To avoid moisture problems, control humidity in your bathroom by running your ventilating fan during and 15 minutes after showers and baths.
  6. Make sure all air registers are clear of furniture so that air can circulate freely. If your home has radiators, place heat-resistant reflectors between radiators and walls. In the winter, this will help heat the room instead of the wall.
  7. During cold weather, take advantage of the sun’s warmth by keeping drapes open during daylight hours. To keep out the heat of the summer sun, close window shades and drapes in warm weather.
  8. Save water by scraping dishes instead of rinsing them before loading in the dishwasher. Run your dishwasher with a full load and use the air-dry option if available.
    • Rinsing dirty dishes before loading your dishwasher uses a lot of water and energy. Most dishwashers today can thoroughly clean dishes that have had food scraped, rather than rinsed, off — the wash cycle and detergent take care of the rest. To make the most efficient use of your dishwasher’s energy and water consumption, run the dishwasher only when enough dirty dishes have accumulated for a full load.
  9. Wash your laundry with cold water whenever possible. To save water, try to wash full loads or, if you must wash a partial load, reduce the level of water appropriately.
    • Hot water heating accounts for about 90 percent of the energy your machine uses to wash clothes — only 10 percent goes to electricity used by the washer motor. Depending on the clothes and local water quality (hardness), many homeowners can effectively do laundry exclusively with cold water, using cold water laundry detergents. Switching to cold water can save the average household more than $40 annually (with an electric water heater) and more than $30 annually (with a gas water heater).
    • Washing full loads can save you more than 3,400 gallons of water each year.
  10. Don’t over dry your clothes. If your dryer has a moisture sensor that will automatically turn the machine off when clothes are done, use it to avoid over drying. Remember to clean the lint trap before every load. Dry full loads, or reduce drying time for partial loads. Learn more.
    • It’s easy to over dry your clothes, if one setting is used for various fabric types. Try to dry loads made up of similar fabrics, so the entire load dries just as the cycle ends. Many dryers come with energy-saving moisture or humidity sensors that shut off the heat when the clothes are dry. If you don’t have this feature, try to match the cycle length to the size and weight of the load. A dryer operating an extra 15 minutes per load can cost you up to $34, every year.
    • The lint trap is an important energy saver. Dryers work by moving heated air through wet clothes, evaporating and then venting water vapor outside. If the dryer cannot provide enough heat, or move air sufficiently through the clothes, they will take longer to dry, and may not dry at all. One of the easiest things you can do to increase drying efficiency is to clean the lint trap before each and every load. This step also can save you up to $34 each year.

Learn More!

View the full list of tips

Launch ENERGY STAR @ home

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